First Time on Medicare: New Beneficiary Guide

Your 65th birthday is a deadline, not just a milestone. Three months before, start learning Medicare, enroll in Part B and D, and choose a plan. Late moves cost you.

Three months before your birthday: Learn and prepare

Read Medicare basics: Parts A, B, C (Advantage), D (drugs). Understand the difference between Original Medicare + Medigap and Medicare Advantage.

Visit Medicare.gov, call 1-800-MEDICARE, or work with an agent. Gather your Social Security number, proof of age, and current insurance information.

During your Initial Enrollment Period (IEP)

Your IEP runs 3 months before, the month of, and 3 months after your 65th birthday (7-month window). Enroll in Part B and Part D during this window.

Part A is automatic if you've paid Medicare taxes (no action needed). Part B enrollment: go to Social Security, Medicare.gov, or work with an agent. Part D: choose a drug plan on Medicare.gov or from a carrier.

Choose your coverage structure

Option 1: Original Medicare (Part A + B) + Medigap supplement + Part D drug plan (3 separate items to coordinate).

Option 2: Medicare Advantage (replaces Original Medicare, includes Part D drugs in most plans, but network-limited).

Compare costs: premiums, deductibles, copays, and out-of-pocket maximums. Use Medicare.gov's plan comparison tool.

Set up billing and keep records

If you're on Social Security, Part B premium is deducted automatically. If not, you'll receive a bill monthly. Medigap and Medicare Advantage premiums are billed separately.

Set up online accounts with Medicare, Social Security, and your chosen plans. Save your Medicare number (on your card). Keep enrollment confirmations.

Frequently asked questions

What if I'm still working at 65 and have employer coverage?

You may delay Part B without penalty. Enroll in Part D within 3 months of losing employer coverage to avoid penalties. Have your employer verify your coverage is 'creditable.'

When does coverage actually start?

Part A coverage starts the first day of the month you turn 65. Part B and D coverage start the first of the month following your enrollment (unless you enroll late in that month).

Can I change my mind after enrolling?

Within the IEP, you can switch plans. After the IEP ends, you're locked in until the next AEP (October 15 – December 7), unless you have a qualifying life event.

What if I miss the IEP deadline?

You pay a permanent penalty on any Part B or Part D coverage you eventually enroll in. Act during your IEP — it's your only chance to enroll without penalty.

General educational information only, not medical, legal, or tax advice. Medicare eligibility, enrollment deadlines, and penalties are complex and vary by situation. Confirm your specific requirements with Social Security or Medicare.

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